Tooth discoloration happens when the enamel (the hard, outer surface of the tooth) or the dentine (the layer below the enamel) become discolored. Something as simple as food and drink may cause stains to appear on the teeth. In some cases, however, the discoloration can cause serious issues. It takes several years for tooth enamel to develop and in that time, foreign substances can be incorporated altering the eventual color of the teeth.